Rapid advances in quantum science, nanotechnology, and materials engineering are accelerating the development of next-generation computing and multifunctional nanoscale systems. Conventional quantum computing platforms often face major limitations, such as decoherence, environmental instability, and poor scalability, that limit their practical implementation. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring topological quantum systems, Majorana fermions, Weyl semimetals, and low-dimensional nanomaterials that exhibit enhanced electronic stability, high carrier mobility, and potentially fault-tolerant quantum properties.
This review systematically examines recent advances in topological materials, quantum architectures, and nanomaterial-based technologies that support the transition from theoretical quantum physics to practical engineering applications. It explains how Majorana-based topological qubits, semiconductor nanowires, and Weyl semimetals could improve quantum stability and computational reliability if key challenges in coherence, fabrication, and scalability are overcome.
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