Rising workloads from AI systems and large language models are pushing current chip architectures to their limits, forcing the industry to look beyond conventional silicon scaling. For decades, Moore’s Law guided progress by predicting a steady doubling of computing power roughly every two years.
However, as transistor dimensions approach atomic scales, quantum effects, heat dissipation, and fabrication constraints are making further miniaturization increasingly difficult. In response, researchers are turning to alternative materials and architectures.
Among them, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are gaining traction as a promising post-Moore pathway, offering atomically thin structures that could enable continued transistor scaling while improving energy efficiency and performance.
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