Researchers from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, working together with scientists from Huzhou University, have identified an unexpected property in a widely used quantum optics technique. Experiments that routinely generate entangled photons in laboratories appear to contain hidden topological structures.

The team reports the highest level of topology observed in any physical system so far: structures spanning 48 dimensions and more than 17,000 distinct topological signatures. This vast set of patterns could function as a powerful new framework for encoding quantum information in ways that remain stable even in the presence of noise.

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