The technology of integrated photonic quantum chips has successfully enabled the on-chip preparation, manipulation, and detection of photonic quantum states, thereby significantly accelerating the advancement of quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum information technologies. Within photonic quantum chip systems, single-photon detectors play a pivotal role by accurately identifying single-photon statistics and measuring quantum states of photons, ensuring efficient readout of quantum information. Detection efficiency quantifies the probability that a detector successfully captures an incident photon. In multi-photon detection tasks involving n photons, the overall detection probability is given by the detection efficiency raised to the nth power. Even minor reductions in detection efficiency can lead to a dramatic decline in multi-photon detection probability as n increases. Consequently, in large-scale photonic quantum computing applications, enhancing multi-photon detection capability necessitates the on-chip integration of large-scale single-photon detector arrays, wherein each detector must operate at a detection efficiency approaching the theoretical maximum of 100%.
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