Under certain conditions, two-dimensional (2D) materials can exhibit remarkable quantum states, including superconductivity and unusual types of magnetism. Scientists and engineers have long sought to understand why these phases appear and how they might be controlled.
A new study published in Nature Physics has identified a previously unnoticed characteristic that may shed light on the origins of these mysterious quantum behaviors.
By applying an advanced terahertz (THz) spectroscopy method, researchers discovered that small stacks of 2D materials, common in laboratories worldwide, can naturally create structures known as cavities. These cavities trap light and electrons within extremely small regions, which can significantly alter how they interact and behave.
“We’ve uncovered a hidden layer of control in quantum materials and opened a path to shaping light–matter interactions in ways that could help us both understand exotic phases of matter and ultimately harness them for future quantum technologies,” said James McIver, assistant professor of physics at Columbia and lead author of the paper.
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