Bismuth, a puzzling material in quantum research, has now revealed a surprising twist. Kobe University scientists discovered that its surface properties can obscure its true nature, challenging a foundational assumption in topological material science.
For nearly two decades, scientists have puzzled over whether bismuth belongs to a remarkable class of materials that could revolutionize quantum computing and spintronics. Now, new research from Kobe University has uncovered the answer — and in the process, revealed a surprising new phenomenon that could change how we think about advanced materials.
These special materials, known as topological materials, behave in a unique way. While they act as insulators inside, their surfaces can conduct electricity with incredible reliability. Even when defects or impurities are present, the surface conductivity remains strong. That makes them perfect candidates for use in cutting-edge technologies like quantum computers and spin-based electronics.
But bismuth has been a mystery. Theoretical models have long suggested it shouldn’t qualify as a topological material. Yet, puzzling experimental results kept hinting that it might.
Kobe University quantum solid state physicist Yuki Fuseya says: “I have been fascinated by bismuth and have been conducting research with the desire to know everything there is to know about the element. As a bismuth lover, I could not overlook such a situation and delved into the debate, hoping to solve the mystery.”
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